Needle Ice: Nature’s Pasta Extruder

Needle ice. Photo courtesy of Teage O’Connor.

Ice formations are a wonderful display of winter. Temperature gradients impact the formation and type of ice we observe. Water at or near the soil surface freezes and expands into the open space above ground, creating spectacular columns of ice, reminiscent of crystal chandeliers. Explore the genesis of needle ice with naturalist Teage O’Connor, founder and executive director of Crow’s Path, in Burlington, VT in this blog post on his website Phyllotaxy.